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How does aluminium heat sinks dissipate the heat emitted by the CPU?
We all know that heat is conducted in three ways: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Radiation
It refers to the direct dissipation of thermal energy from the heat source in electromagnetic form. Irradiation can be done in a vacuum. The heat transfer efficiency of radiation depends on the material of the heat source and the color of the surface.
Conduction
It refers to the exchange of kinetic energy between molecules, particles with lower energy collide with particles with higher energy to obtain energy , and a single heat sink cannot conduct heat energy. In conclusion, conduction is the primary way that the heat sink gets heat from the CPU.
Convection
Is the transfer of heat through the movement of hot matter. This means that the heat energy comes from a heat source surrounded by a gas or liquid, and the heat energy is transferred through the movement of molecules. We can achieve forced convection by adding a fan to the heat sink. Convection is the primary method of cooling for the fan/fin combination.
Most of the heat generated of CPU is carried away by the convection created by the fan, and only a small fraction of the heat is dissipated by radiation.
To achieve better heat dissipation effect, the heat sink must be designed in a form that enhances the effect. Usually two methods are used to achieve this goal: maximize the surface area of the heat sink to facilitate the circulation of air. And with a powerful fan.
Using metal fins can not only increase the heat dissipation area, but a good metal fin design can also make convection more efficient.
Make the contact surface between the aluminium pin fins heat sink with heatpipes and the CPU as smooth as possible, otherwise, a thermal insulation layer will be formed between the CPU and the heat sink.
Of course, even if the contact surface is very smooth, it is inevitable that there will be gaps. Therefore, heat dissipation paste, heat dissipation silicone grease or special heat dissipation patch can be used as an auxiliary in the contact area to increase the contact area.
Therefore, as an efficient heat dissipation design, it should include a heatsink as large as possible and with a powerful fan.
Some clever design solutions also use some special metal fin designs to ensure that the airflow passes smoothly under the drive of the fan and improve the actual cooling effect of the fan.
Of course, the ideal solution would also include liquid cooling equipment.
Why most heat sinks are made of metal aluminum ?
Because aluminum is less expensive and has good metal-cutting properties, making it ideal for making heat sinks.
In general, a piece of pure metal will conduct heat better than its alloys. However, factories generally use aluminum alloys to make actual products because In this way, better metal processing characteristics than pure aluminum can be obtained.
Many people know that copper conducts heat nearly twice as well as aluminum, but why isn't copper being used in large quantities to make heat sinks?
This is because the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat sink is not only affected by the thermal conductivity of the material, The heat dissipation effect of copper heat sinks is not twice that of aluminum heat sinks. and better cooling Performance doesn't make up for its shortcomings: higher price, higher density,Weight, unsatisfactory stiffness, and other factors to consider.
Despite this, some heat sinks are made of a mix of copper and aluminum. The bases of these heat sinks are usually made of copper, while the metal fins are made of aluminum.
"Black objects radiate best - so, all heatsinks should be black. "
Most of the heat is transferred by convection - in contrast, The effects of radiation are simply insignificant.
When we use two different colored but same constructs heatsinks for performance testing, we found that the difference in performance between them was almost negligible.
By anodizing the heat sinks with different color coats, it is just that the manufacturer caters to the visual needs of different consumers. The heatsinks come in different colors - black, silver and even blue, green, gold, red, purple. However, for the performance of the heat sink, it does not make any significant difference.
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