The heat transfer performance of liquid cooled plate is mainly related to the convective heat transfer coefficient and the uniformity of the surface temperature of the heat source.
Whether the heat transfer of the liquid cooled plate is fast enough, whether the surface temperature is uniform, and whether there is a large local temperature difference are all indicators to judge the performance of the liquid cooling plate.
As shown in the figure, the design of internal flow channel fins in water-cooled plates on the market not only increases the contact area between the water flow and the heat dissipation surface, but also increases the convective flow velocity, thereby increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient and making it more conducive to heat dissipation.
By adjusting the width of the flow channels inside the water cooling plate, the convective heat transfer coefficient can be enhanced. The narrower the width, the higher the coolant flow rate, and the higher the natural convective heat transfer coefficient. In addition to directly changing the width of the channel, multiple layers of fins can also be added to the channel to form narrower microchannels and increase the heat dissipation area.
Improving the uniformity of the surface temperature of the heat source can start with optimizing the flow channel layout design. As shown in the figure, after optimizing Figure 1, the temperature difference in Figure 2 decreased by 5%, while the heat transfer efficiency increased by 39%. Therefore, optimizing the process layout design can enhance heat transfer and improve temperature uniformity.
Heat Dissipation Simulation
The entire process of simulating the heat dissipation of liquid cooling plates using ANSYS Workbench platform will be introduced. The following will explain the optimization design of liquid cooling plates through the simulation results of four versions of liquid cooling plates A, B, C, and D with different channel structures. Firstly, we compare the bottom plate temperature cloud maps:
From the model, we can see that the fins of the A-version liquid cooling plate are wider and discontinuous; The fins of the B-version liquid cooling plate are narrow and discontinuous; The width of the C-version liquid cooling plate fins is uneven, with wide ends and narrow middle, and also discontinuous; The D-version liquid cooling plate has a narrow and continuous width.
By comparing the temperature cloud map with the corresponding point temperature, it can be found that the temperature of the fourth version liquid cooling plate is relatively uniform at the contact part of the IGBT board. Although the difference is not significant, the overall temperature of A and C with wider fin widths is still slightly lower than that of B and D with narrower fin widths. And overall, C has the best temperature effect, while D has high local temperatures and the worst overall temperature effect (the temperature cloud maps of the other side of the bottom plate and the cover plate also show similar results). The visible temperature is related to the width of the fins.
Then compare the velocity cloud map inside the flow channel:
It can be seen that the flow velocity in channels A and C with wider fin widths is generally higher than that in channels B and D with narrower fin widths. It can be seen that the wider the fins, the faster the flow velocity of the water, and the better the cooling effect.
However, there should also be some space for water flow. Due to the presence of columns at the corners of A's flow channel and the uniform width of the fins, the overall flow velocity is faster than C;
However, continuous fins D have extremely low or even stagnant flow velocity in some areas, while discontinuous fins A, B, and C do not have such a situation. Therefore, according to the velocity cloud map, it can be seen that A has a better effect, while D has a poorer effect.
Observe and compare through the velocity vector cross-sectional diagram:
It can be seen that except for the local interruption of D, the velocity vectors in the flow channels of the other three water cooling plate are very continuous and normal. So the result of discontinuous fins is better than that of continuous fins.
In addition, other post-processing images can be used to observe other physical quantities and analyze, compare, and optimize them, which will not be further described here. Based on the above three analyses, it can be seen that A and C are relatively good, but further adjustments need to be made considering the actual processing situation and cost.
Summary
This example mainly utilizes the differences in the width and shape of the fins for optimization, and of course, the width and shape of the flow channel and other designs can also be changed for optimization, naturally resulting in different results. However, regardless of the design, the impact of processing procedures and costs must also be considered.
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